Scientific Breakdown of Active Ingredients in DHT Inhibitor System
Procapil
Procapil is a combination of vitaminated biotinyl tripeptide-1 with apigenin and oleanolic acid. Simply put, Procapil enhances your scalp's production of cellular binding elements that serve two functions; to hold cells together and to facilitate the cellular communication blocked by the effects DHT. It also to increase blood flow within the scalp, allowing more nourishment to reach thinning hair.
A tripeptide-1 is a specialized synthetic molecule containing three amino acid residues - glycerine, histidine and lysine, and is considered a protein derivative. It is used frequently as a skin-conditioning agent for its role in building and preventing the break down of collagen. Biotin is a B vitamin (C10H16N2O3S) essential for cellular growth in the body, as well as the activity of many enzyme systems. It is an ingredient commonly found in many dermatologist- recommended hair loss treatments for its key role in the manufacturing of healthy hair.
The combined properties of these two elements give Procapil the ability to boost the synthesis of Laminin-5 and Collagen IV at the dermo-epidermal junction. This is an important area of the skin where cells are engaged in the reproductive process- where DHT damage happens.
Laminin-5 is a membrane molecule that provides an attachment surface in a wide variety of cell types- especially epithelial cells (such as those in the skin and scalp). Genetic evidence unequivocally indicates that these cells will adhere to Laminin-5 faster and at a lower coating concentration than any other binding molecules- which means your cells need less of it to do more (and faster) binding. The ability of Procapil to boost the production of Laminin-5 is part of what helps to firmly anchor your hair, preventing hair loss at the root.
Collagen IV is another component of cellular membranes, serving a similar function to Laminin as an adhesive surface for the growth of epithelial cells. When the Collagen IV meshwork is assembled, it provides a scaffold for the assembly of other membrane components through interactions with substances like Laminin. It plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth, adhesion, and tissue formation. The enhancement of Collagen IV is the other key to the foundation-strengthening abilities of Procapil which help prevent DHT related hair loss.
Apigenin is a bioflavonoid ( bioflavanoids maintain the walls of small blood vessels) commonly found in leafy plants and vegetables like parsley, artichoke, basil, and celery. Current research trials indicate that it can reduce DNA oxidative damages. It is used in Procapil® for its vasodialative properties, increasing circulation through blood vessels.
Oleanolic acid possesses antioxidant properties which have a beneficial effect on the hair, making it stronger and less susceptible to loss. It's anti inflammatory properties aid in reversing and preventing the damage caused by DHT. Oleanolic acid also has the ability to inhibit 5-alpha-reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone.
Biotin
Biotin is one of the B vitamins (B7 also called vitamin H) which is produced in abundant quantities by bacteria in the human gut so biotin deficiency is very
rare. In fact, it is so rare that until recently there was no recommended daily dosage for the vitamin. The current recommended daily allowance is 300 μg/day.
It is one of the vitamins involved in the metabolism of sugars during aerobic respiration but is also involved in the metabolism of fatty acids. Although extremely rare, there are some metabolic conditions induced by strange diets or necessarily invasive medical treatments that can cause biotin depletion.
For example, depletion can occur where a person consumes large quantities of raw egg yolks over a period of time. Egg yolks contain a protein called avidin which will bind to the biotin and lead to its excretion.
Long term use of antibiotics can kill off the gut bacteria that produce biotin but once the antibiotic treatment ceases, the population of the gut bacteria recovers and the biotin deficiency is made good.
Symptoms of biotin deficiency
These include hair loss and skin problems in the form of a scaly rash. In addition, long term biotin depletion can lead to depression and muscle pains. These symptoms are most often seen when the biotin depletion is the result of some other metabolic disorders medical interventions concerned with gut
dysfunction. They are not seen in those with a normal balanced diet and no other medical problem.
High dosages and toxicity
Biotin is water soluble and easily eliminated from the body and there are no
known levels of toxicity. Taking excessive quantities of biotin seem to do no harm.
Biotin and hair
Since biotin deficiency is associated with hair loss and skin problems, it is a natural product in many cosmetic preparations. There are many claims that using shampoos enriched with biotin will lead to healthier and stronger hair but this claim is unlikely to be true since it is difficult to absorb biotin through the skin.
It will therefore not have a lot of effect on hair follicles nor the underlying tissues of the scalp. If it has any effect, it is likely to be that the chemical is absorbed into the hair shaft making it expand.
Zinc Sulfate
Zin Defficiency can contribute a lot to hair shedding because without zinc and other related minerals, you hair shafts get weakened, causing hair breakage and very slow hair regrowth. Zinc benefits for hair include promotion of cell reproduction, tissue growth and repair of broken tissues. It also maintains the oil- secreting glands that are attached to your hair follicles, thus decreasing their chances of falling off.
The effects of zinc sulphate and azelaic acid on 5a-reductase activity in human skin were studied using an in vitro assay with 1,2[3H]-testosterone as substrate. When added at concentrations of 3 or 9 mmol/l, zinc was a potent inhibitor of 5 a- reductase activity. At high concentrations, zinc could completely inhibit the enzyme activity. Azelaic acid was also a potent inhibitor of 5a-reductase; inhibition was detectable at concentrations as low as 0.2 mmol/l and was complete at 3 mmol/l. An additive effect of the two inhibitors was observed. Vitamin B6 potentiated the inhibitory effect of zinc, but not of azelaic acid, suggesting that two different mechanisms are involved. When the three substances were added together at very low concentrations which had been shown to be ineffective alone, 90% inhibition of 5 a-reductase activity was obtained. If this inhibition is confirmed in vivo, zinc sulphate combined with azelaic acid could be an effective agent in the treatment of androgen related pathology of human skin.
Saw Palmetto
Saw Palmetto hair loss treatments have been discovered with a lot of advantages in eliminating hair loss problem in humans, but you should know that it is not only eliminating your hair loss, but it can also help you improve your health in the long run as well. It is actually a medicinal herb which is completely natural and provides a lot of health benefits. Native Americans have found out this herb’s features which improve your health as well as eliminate the hair loss problems that ruin your life.
Saw Palmetto hair loss treatments actually help the oxygen to move through the bloodstream to reach the parts in your body. Cell membrane development, function, and strength are the basic things that you can obtain from the Saw Palmetto hair loss treatments. From those, it can help you maintain strong organs and tissues in your body. As you can see, providing nutrients to your body is the main purpose of using this treatment. A lot of people have used this Saw Palmetto hair loss treatment as an herbal remedy for a lot of diseases and ailments.
Copper Peptide
Dr. Loren Pickart has been studying copper peptides for over two decades. His research has consistently pointed out that copper peptides, when applied using appropriate chemical vehicles and when in the appropriate concentration, can thicken vellus hair into thick terminal hairs, increase hair follicle size, and regenerate scalp skin, creating a healthier environment of scalp hair growth.
*resources available upon request
Hopefully this answers your questions and shows the detail and attention put into making these products a sure means of getting the right agents to the problem areas to slow down and stop DHT from causing hair loss.
As I mentioned before, if you're going to use shampoo, conditioner and styling products everyday; this system is a way of taking care of those basic needs while also taking preventative measures.